Make America Brown Again Make America Brown Again Ween

Multimedia franchise

SpongeBob SquarePants
Text version of the first series and franchise logo, used from 1999 to 2008
Created by	Stephen Hillenburg
Original work	SpongeBob SquarePants
Owner	Nickelodeon (Paramount Global)
Years	1999–present
Print publications
Book(south)	Listing of books
Comics	SpongeBob Comics
Films and television set
Film(due south)	The SpongeBob SquarePants Picture show (2004) The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015) The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run (2020)
Animated series	SpongeBob SquarePants (1999–present) Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Nether Years (2021–present) The Patrick Star Testify (2021–nowadays)
Theatrical presentations
Musical(southward)	SpongeBob SquarePants: The Broadway Musical (2016)
Games
Traditional	Listing of board and bill of fare games
Video game(southward)	List of games
Audio
Soundtrack(s)	List of soundtracks
Miscellaneous
Toy(s)	List of toys
Theme park attraction(s)	SpongeBob SquarePants iv-D SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge Pineapple Poppers Dutchman's Deck Hazard Course SpongeBob SquarePants 4D: The Not bad Jelly Rescue Bikini Bottom Crosstown Express SpongeBob's Jellyfish Jam Sandy'south Blasting Bronco

SpongeBob SquarePants is an American multimedia franchise created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. The serial chronicles the adventures of the title character and his aquatic friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Being the fifth-longest-running American animated series, its high popularity has made it a media franchise consisting of three animated television serial, three animated feature films, comics, books, video games, domicile media, and soundtracks. Information technology is the highest rated series to air on Nickelodeon as well equally the virtually profitable property for Paramount Consumer Products, having generated over $13 billion in merchandising revenue as of 2019.^[i]

Many of the series' ideas originated in The Intertidal Zone, an unpublished educational book that Hillenburg created in 1989 to teach his students about undersea life.^[2] He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a tv series in 1996, and in 1997, a seven-infinitesimal pilot was pitched to Nickelodeon. The network'due south executives wanted SpongeBob to be a child in school, only Hillenburg preferred SpongeBob to be an developed character.^[iii] He was prepared to "walk out" on Nickelodeon and abandon the serial, but he compromised past creating Mrs. Puff and her canoeing school, so that SpongeBob could attend school equally an adult.^[4]

Development [edit]

Early inspirations [edit]

Series' creator Stephen Hillenburg commencement became fascinated with the body of water as a kid and began developing his artistic abilities at a immature age. Although these interests would non overlap for some fourth dimension—the idea of drawing fish seemed ho-hum to him—Hillenburg pursued both during college, majoring in marine biology and minoring in art. Later on graduating in 1984, he joined the Ocean Constitute, an organization in Dana Point, California, dedicated to educating the public about marine science and maritime history.^{[5] [half dozen]}

While Hillenburg was in that location, his love of the ocean began to influence his artistry. He created a precursor to SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone used past the institute to teach visiting students most the animal life of tide pools.^[six] The comic starred various anthropomorphic sea lifeforms, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters.^[seven] Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, merely none of the companies he sent it to were interested.^[vi]

A large inspiration to Hillenburg was Ween's 1997 album The Mollusk, which had a nautical and underwater theme. Hillenburg contacted the ring shortly after the album's release, explaining the baseline ideas for SpongeBob SquarePants, and likewise requested a song from the band, which they sent on Christmas Eve. This song was "Loop de Loop", which was used in the episode "Your Shoe's Untied".^{[8] [9] [10]}

Conception [edit]

While working as a staff artist at the Sea Institute, Hillenburg entertained plans to return eventually to higher for a primary's degree in art. Earlier this could materialize, he attended an animation festival, which inspired him to make a slight change in class. Instead of standing his education with a traditional art program, Hillenburg chose to study experimental blitheness at the California Institute of the Arts.^[6] His thesis moving picture, Wormholes, is about the theory of relativity.^[11] It was screened at festivals, and at one of these, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of the popular Nickelodeon blithe series, Rocko's Modern Life. Murray was impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a chore.^{[eleven] [12]} Hillenburg joined the series equally a manager, and later on, during the fourth season, he took on the roles of producer and creative managing director.^{[7] [11] [12] [13]}

Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a like concept. At that point, Hillenburg had not even considered creating his ain serial. However, he realized that if he ever did, this would be the best arroyo.^{[6] [11] [14]} He began to develop some of the characters from The Intertidal Zone, including the comic'due south "announcer", Bob the Sponge.^[6] He wanted his series to stand out from nearly popular cartoons of the fourth dimension, which he felt were exemplified by buddy comedies like The Ren & Stimpy Testify. As a issue, Hillenburg decided to focus on a single chief character: the "weirdest" sea creature he could remember of. This led him to the sponge.^[6] The Intertidal Zone' s Bob the Sponge resembles an bodily body of water sponge, and at first, Hillenburg continued to employ this blueprint.^{[six] [xi] [12] [xv]} In determining the new grapheme'southward behavior, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, such as Charlie Chaplin, Laurel and Hardy, Jerry Lewis, and Pee-wee Herman.^{[6] [12] [16] [17] [18]} He then considered modeling the grapheme subsequently a kitchen sponge and realized this thought would friction match the character'southward foursquare personality perfectly.^{[6] [eleven] [12]} Patrick, Mr. Krabs, Pearl, and Squidward were the next characters Hillenburg created for the testify.^[19]

To voice the serial' primal character, Hillenburg turned to Tom Kenny, whose career in animation had started aslope Hillenburg's on Rocko'southward Modern Life. Elements of Kenny'due south own personality were employed to develop the character farther.^[20] Initially, Hillenburg wanted to use the proper noun SpongeBoy—the character had no last proper noun—and the series was to have been called SpongeBoy Ahoy! ^{[15] [20]} However, the Nickelodeon legal department discovered—after vox interim had been completed for the original seven-minute airplane pilot episode—that the proper name "SpongeBoy" was already in use for a mop production,^[20] and a character of the same proper name was already trademarked by Flaming Carrot Comics creator Bob Brunt.^[21] In choosing a replacement name, Hillenburg felt he notwithstanding had to use the discussion "Sponge", so that viewers would non mistake the character for a "Cheese Human being". He settled on the name "SpongeBob". "SquarePants" was chosen as a family name after Kenny saw a picture of the graphic symbol and remarked, "Boy, look at this sponge in foursquare pants, thinking he can get a task in a fast food identify."^[sixteen] When he heard Kenny say it Hillenburg loved the phrase and felt it would reinforce the character's nerdiness.^{[16] [22]}

Assembling the coiffure [edit]

Derek Drymon, who served as creative director for the beginning three seasons, has said that Hillenburg wanted to surround himself with a "team of young and hungry people."^[17] Many of the major contributors to SpongeBob SquarePants had worked before with Hillenburg on Rocko's Mod Life: this included: Drymon, fine art director Nick Jennings, supervising managing director Alan Smart, writer / voice histrion Doug Lawrence (ofttimes credited as Mr. Lawrence), and Tim Hill, who helped develop the serial bible.^{[17] [18]}

Although Drymon would become on to take a significant influence on SpongeBob SquarePants, he was not offered a part on the series initially. As a tardily recruit to Rocko'southward Modern Life, he had non established much of a relationship with Hillenburg before SpongeBob 's conception. Hillenburg start sought out Drymon'south storyboard partner, Mark O'Hare—but he had only created the soon-to-exist syndicated comic strip, Citizen Domestic dog.^[17] While he would after join SpongeBob as a writer,^[23] he lacked the fourth dimension to get involved with both projects from the start.^[17] Drymon has said, "I remember Hillenburg's bringing information technology up to Mark in our office and asking him if he'd be interested in working on it ... I was all ready to say yep to the offer, simply Steve didn't ask; he just left the room. I was pretty drastic ... so I ran into the hall later on him and basically begged him for the task. He didn't jump at the take chances."^[17] Once Hillenburg had given it some idea and decided to bring Drymon on as creative director, the two began meeting at Hillenburg'south house several times a calendar week to develop the series. Drymon has identified this period as having begun in 1996, shortly after the finish of Rocko's Modern Life.^[17]

Jennings was likewise instrumental in SpongeBob 's genesis.^[24] Kenny has called him "i of SpongeBob's early graphics mentors".^[18] On weekends, Kenny joined Hillenburg, Jennings, and Drymon for artistic sessions where they recorded ideas on a tape recorder.^[18] Kenny performed audio tests as SpongeBob during these sessions, while Hillenburg voice acted the other characters.^{[15] [xviii]}

Hill contributed scripts for several outset-season episodes (including the pilot)^{[25] [26] [27] [28]} and was offered the role of story editor, but turned it downward—he would go on to pursue a career as a family film director.^{[29] [xxx]} In his stead, Pete Burns was brought in for the job. Burns hailed from Chicago and had never met any of the principal players on SpongeBob before joining the team.^[17]

Pitching [edit]

The execs from Nickelodeon flew out to Burbank, and we pitched information technology to them from the storyboards. We had squeezy toys, wore Hawaiian shirts, and used a boom box to play the Tiny Tim song ['Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight'] that comes on in the third human activity. Nosotros really went all out in that pitch considering we knew the airplane pilot lived or died past if the execs laughed. When it was over, they walked out of the room to discuss information technology. We figured they would wing back to New York and we'd hear in a few weeks. We were surprised when they came back in what seemed similar minutes and said they wanted to get in.

—Derek Drymon^[17]

While pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian shirt, brought forth an "underwater terrarium with models of the characters", and played Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup was described past Nickelodeon executive Eric Coleman every bit "pretty amazing".^[11] They were given money and two weeks to write the pilot episode "Help Wanted".^[11] Drymon, Hillenburg, and Jennings returned with what was described by Nickelodeon official Albie Hecht every bit, "a performance [he] wished [he] had on tape".^[11] Although executive producer Derek Drymon described the pitch as stressful, he said it went "very well".^[11] Kevin Kay and Hecht had to step outside because they were "exhausted from laughing", which worried the cartoonists.^[11]

In an interview, Cyma Zarghami, and so-president of Nickelodeon, said, "their [Nickelodeon executives'] firsthand reaction was to see it once more, both because they liked it and it was different annihilation they'd ever seen before".^[31] Zarghami was 1 of four executives in the room when SpongeBob SquarePants was screened for the get-go time.^[31]

Before commissioning the full series, Nickelodeon executives insisted that information technology would not be popular unless SpongeBob was a child who went to schoolhouse, with his teacher as a primary character.^[32] Hillenburg recalled in 2012 that Nickelodeon told him, "Our winning formula is animation nigh kids in schoolhouse... We want you lot to put SpongeBob in school."^[6] Hillenburg was set up to "walk out" on Nickelodeon and abandon the series, since he wanted SpongeBob to exist an adult graphic symbol.^[six] He eventually compromised past adding a new character to the main cast, Mrs. Puff, who is a boat-driving teacher. Hillenburg was happy with the compromise and said, "A positive thing for me that came out of it was [how information technology brought] in a new graphic symbol, Mrs. Puff, who I love."^[6]

Television series [edit]

SpongeBob SquarePants (1999–present) [edit]

The series is set in the fictional underwater metropolis of Bikini Bottom, and centers on the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob SquarePants, an over-optimistic sea sponge that annoys other characters.

Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Nether Years (2021–present) [edit]

On Feb 14, 2019, information technology was appear that a SpongeBob SquarePants spin-off is in development.^[35] On June 4, it was announced the spinoff will be titled Kamp Koral. The plot will focus on a 10-year-onetime SpongeBob and his friends at the titular camp located in the Kelp Forest, where they spend the summer catching jellyfish, building campfires, and swimming in Lake Yuckymuck.^{[36] [37]} It serves as a tie-in to the animated moving-picture show The SpongeBob Pic: Sponge on the Run.^[37] Information technology was confirmed production of the series began in June 2019.^{[35] [36]}

Nickelodeon animation head Ramsey Naito said of the series, "SpongeBob has an incredible universe to expand upon and the greenlight for Kamp Koral is a attestation to the strength and longevity of these characters known and loved by generations of fans around the earth." Like SpongeBob SquarePants, the serial is co-executive produced by Marc Ceccarelli, Jennie Monica, and Vincent Waller. Kamp Koral is produced using computer animation rather than the digital ink and paint blitheness used for SpongeBob SquarePants.^[37]

On February 19, 2020, it was appear that the series had an official title of Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years, and would exist premiering in July 2020.^[38] On July 30, 2020, it was announced that the series would be released on CBS All Access (at present Paramount+), the ViacomCBS streaming service, in early 2021.^{[39] [twoscore]} On January 28, 2021, information technology was announced that the series would premiere on March 4, 2021.^[41]

The Patrick Star Prove (2021–present) [edit]

On August 10, 2020, it was reported that a Patrick Star talk show titled The Patrick Star Prove was in evolution with a 13-episode order. The show is similar to other talk shows such as The Larry Sanders Show and Comedy Bang! Bang!.^{[42] [43]} The series premiered on Nickelodeon on July 9, 2021,^[44] with the serial prepare to exist available on Paramount+ later on.^[45]

Untitled theatrical and Netflix spin-off series and films [edit]

In Nov 2019, a "music-based" Squidward project was reported to be in evolution for Netflix.^[46] In early March 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing 2 spin-off films based on the series for the streaming service.^[47] In February 2022, three graphic symbol-driven spin-off films were announced.^[48]

Films [edit]

Flick	Director(s)	Producer(due south)	Writer(southward)
The SpongeBob SquarePants Picture show	Stephen Hillenburg Mark Osborne (live-action sequences)	Stephen Hillenburg and Julia Pistor	Screenplay: Derek Drymon, Tim Loma, Stephen Hillenburg, Kent Osborne, Aaron Springer & Paul Tibbitt Story: Stephen Hillenburg
The SpongeBob Motion picture: Sponge Out of Water	Paul Tibbitt Mike Mitchell (live-action sequences)	Paul Tibbitt and Mary Parent	Screenplay: Jonathan Aibel & Glenn Berger Story: Stephen Hillenburg & Paul Tibbitt
The SpongeBob Picture show: Sponge on the Run	Tim Colina	Ryan Harris	Screenplay: Tim Loma Story: Tim Colina, Jonathan Aibel & Glenn Berger

The SpongeBob SquarePants Picture show (2004) [edit]

In this live-activeness blithe comedy, Plankton'south plan is to steal King Neptune's crown and send information technology to the dangerous Beat Urban center, and then frame Mr. Krabs for the law-breaking. SpongeBob and Patrick must journeying to Vanquish City while facing several perils along the way to retrieve the crown to relieve Mr. Krabs from Neptune'due south wrath and Bikini Bottom from Plankton's tyranny.

The SpongeBob Flick: Sponge Out of Water (2015) [edit]

The plot follows a pirate named Burger Beard (Antonio Banderas), who steals the Krabby Patty hush-hush formula using a magical book that makes any text written upon it come up true. After Bikini Bottom turns into an apocalyptic cesspool and the citizens turn confronting SpongeBob, he must team up with Plankton to find the formula and save Bikini Bottom. Later, SpongeBob, Patrick, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Sandy and Plankton must travel to the surface to confront Burger Beard and become the formula back before Bikini Bottom is completely destroyed.

The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run (2020) [edit]

The film depicts how SpongeBob met his friends for the first fourth dimension at a summertime campsite. The film uses full CGI blitheness provided by Mikros Prototype for underwater sequences.^[49]

In development [edit]

Untitled 4th SpongeBob motion-picture show (TBA) [edit]

In August 2021, Nickelodeon CEO Brian Robbins, mentioned that "there'south a new SpongeBob [film] in the works".^[50] A fourth moving-picture show was officially confirmed in February 2022, with a targeted theatrical release of the motion-picture show.^[51]

Spinoff films [edit]

In February 2022, it was announced that three graphic symbol spinoff films were in evolution with intended streaming releases exclusively on Paramount+. The first untitled film is scheduled to release in 2023.^[51]

Saving Bikini Bottom (TBA) [edit]

In May 2021, a spin-off Sandy Cheeks feature motion picture was announced to be in development from Nickelodeon for streaming television, to be directed by Liza Johnson from a script written past Kaz and Tom J. Stern and described as a hybrid feature that volition put the animated title character into a alive-action setting.^[52] On August 12, 2021, the title of the picture was revealed as Saving Bikini Bottom.^[53]

In Baronial 2021, it was revealed that plans to film Saving Bikini Bottom in Los Alamos were scrapped due to rewrites of the script.^{[54] [55]}

Fans′ Brusk films [edit]

SpongeBob SquareShorts [edit]

Nickelodeon launched the first global SpongeBob SquarePants-themed short picture competition, SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes, in 2013.^{[56] [57]} The contest encouraged fans and filmmakers around the world to create original brusk films inspired past SpongeBob for a adventure to win a prize and a trip for four people to a screening outcome in Hollywood. The contest opened on May half-dozen and ran through June 28, 2013.^{[58] [59]} On July 19, 2013, Nickelodeon announced the competition'south finalists.^{[60] [61] [62]} On Baronial xiii, 2013, the under 18 years of age category was won by David of the United States for his The Krabby Commercial, while the Finally Home short by Nicole of Southward Africa won the eighteen and over category.^[63]

Video games [edit]

Numerous video games based on the serial accept been produced. Some of the early games include: Fable of the Lost Spatula (2001)^[64] and SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Lesser (2003). In 2013, Nickelodeon published and distributed SpongeBob Moves In!, a freemium city-building game app adult by Kung Fu Mill for iOS and Android.^{[65] [66] [67] [68]} On June 5, 2019, THQ Nordic announced SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – Rehydrated, a full remake of the console versions of the original 2003 game.^{[69] [seventy] [71]} The game was released 1 year afterward on June 23, 2020^{[72] [73]} and includes cutting content from the original game.^[74] On May 28, 2020, Apple Arcade released a game called Spongebob Squarepants: Patty Pursuit.^[75] In 2021, EA Sports introduced a SpongeBob-themed level to the K section of its Madden NFL 21 video game.^[76]

On September 17, 2021, THQ Nordic announced SpongeBob Squarepants: The Cosmic Shake, a new original game based on the franchise.^[77]

Comic books [edit]

The 32-page bimonthly comic volume series, SpongeBob Comics, was appear in November 2010^[78] and debuted the following February.^[79] Before this, SpongeBob SquarePants comics had been published in Nickelodeon Magazine,^{[78] [80] [81]} and episodes of the television series had been adjusted by Cine-Manga,^{[78] [82]} but SpongeBob Comics was the first American comic book serial devoted solely to SpongeBob SquarePants.^{[78] [eighty] [81]} It too served as SpongeBob SquarePants creator Stephen Hillenburg's debut as a comic volume writer.^{[79] [80] [81]} The series was published by Hillenburg'due south production company, United Plankton Pictures, and distributed by Bongo Comics Group.^{[78] [fourscore] [81]} Hillenburg described the stories from the comic books every bit "original and always truthful to the humor, characters, and universe of the SpongeBob SquarePants series." Leading up to the release of the series, Hillenburg said, "I'm hoping that fans volition savour finally having a SpongeBob comic volume from me."^{[80] [81]}

Chris Duffy, the quondam senior editor of Nickelodeon Mag, serves every bit managing editor of SpongeBob Comics.^{[80] [81]} Hillenburg and Duffy met with various cartoonists—including James Kochalka, Hilary Barta, Graham Annable, Gregg Schigiel, and Jacob Chabot—to contribute to each problems.^{[80] [81]} Retired horror comics writer and artist Stephen R. Bissette returned to write a special Halloween event in 2012, with Tony Millionaire and Al Jaffee.^[83] In an interview with Tom Spurgeon, Bissette said, "I've even cleaved my retirement to do one work-for-hire gig [for SpongeBob Comics] so I could share everything virtually that kind of electric current job."^[84]

In the United Kingdom, Titan Magazines published comics based on SpongeBob SquarePants every 4 weeks from February 3, 2005,^[85] through Nov 28, 2013.^[86] Titan Magazines also teamed up with Lego to release a express edition SpongeBob-themed comic.^[87]

Music [edit]

Title	Released
SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights	Baronial 14, 2001[88]
The SpongeBob SquarePants Picture – Music from the Movie and More...	November ix, 2004[89]
The Yellow Album	November 15, 2005[90]
The Best 24-hour interval Ever	September 12, 2006[91]
The Sponge Who Could Wing	May 11, 2007
SpongeBob'south Greatest Hits	July xiv, 2009[92]
It'southward a SpongeBob Christmas! Anthology	Nov 6, 2012
Music from "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water" EP	January 27, 2015
The SpongeBob Moving-picture show: Sponge Out of Water (Original Motion Moving picture Score)	March 23, 2015
SpongeBob SquarePants: The New Musical (Original Cast Recording)	September 22, 2017

Collections of original music featured in the series have been released on the albums SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights (2001), SpongeBob's Greatest Hits (2009), and The Yellow Album (2005). The first two charted on the US Billboard 200, reaching number 171 and 122, respectively.^{[93] [94]}

Several songs take been recorded for the purpose of a single or album release, and have non been featured on the show. The song "My Tidy Whities" written by Tom Kenny and Andy Paley was released merely on the anthology The All-time Day Ever (2006). Kenny's inspiration for the song was "underwear humor,"^[95] saying: "Underwear humor is e'er a surefire laugh-getter with kids ... Just seeing a character that odd wearing really prosaic, normal, Kmart, three-to-a-pack underwear is a funny drawing ... Nosotros thought it was funny to brand a really lush, beautiful love song to his underwear."^[95]

A soundtrack album The SpongeBob SquarePants Moving picture – Music from the Motion picture and More than..., featuring the film'southward score was released along with the feature-length film in November 2004. Various artists including the Flaming Lips,^[96] Wilco,^[97] Ween,^[98] Motörhead,^[99] the Shins,^[100] and Avril Lavigne^[101] contributed to the soundtrack that reached number 76 on the US Billboard 200.^[102]

Theater [edit]

SpongeBob SquarePants was adapted equally a stage musical in 2016 by director Tina Landau. SpongeBob SquarePants, The Broadway Musical premiered in Chicago in 2016 and opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on Dec 4, 2017.^[103] The musical opened to critical acclamation,^[104] and tied for well-nigh-nominated production at the 2018 72nd Tony Awards with twelve Tony nominations.^[105]

Theme park rides [edit]

The SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D moving-picture show and ride opened at several locations including Half-dozen Flags Over Texas, Flamingo Land Resort, and the Shedd Aquarium.^[106] The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, and other sensory enhancements. In 2012, Nickelodeon teamed up again with SimEx-Iwerks Amusement and Super 78 to produce SpongeBob SquarePants iv-D: The Groovy Jelly Rescue.^[107] The attraction opened in early 2013 at the Mystic Aquarium & Constitute for Exploration.^[108] It was too installed at the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando in Orlando, Florida.^{[109] [110] [111]} The seven-minute motion-picture show follows SpongeBob, Patrick, and Sandy upward to their old hijinks, while rescuing the jellyfish of Jellyfish Fields from Plankton'south evil clutches.^[108]

SpongeBob SquarePants appears at the Mall of America'south Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's Park at MOA, formerly Camp Snoopy, to Nickelodeon Universe in the Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. The new theme park features a SpongeBob-themed Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter custom roller coaster. The SpongeBob SquarePants Stone Bottom Plunge, which opened March xv, 2008, has replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store at the west end of the theme park.^{[112] [113]}

On May 23, 2015, an interactive 3D prove titled SpongeBob SubPants Adventure opened in Texas at Moody Gardens. According to Moody Gardens President and CEO John Zendt, "Visitors will exist able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they accept never been able to exercise before."^[114]

Merchandise [edit]

The popularity of SpongeBob SquarePants inspired merchandise from T-shirts to posters.^[115] It was reported that the franchise generated an estimated $8 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.^[116] It is as well the nigh distributed property of ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks.^[98] SpongeBob is viewed in 170 countries speaking 24 languages, and has become "a killer merchandising app".^[117] The title character and his friends have been used as a theme for special editions of well-known family board games, including Monopoly,^[118] Life,^[119] and Functioning,^[120] likewise as a SpongeBob SquarePants edition of Ants in the Pants,^[121] and Yahtzee.^[122] In Apr 2019, Nickelodeon released Masterpiece Memes, a series of toys adapted from various SpongeBob Net memes.^{[123] [124]}

References [edit]

1. ^ "Nickelodeon Marks twenty Years of SpongeBob SquarePants with the "Best Twelvemonth Ever"". www.businesswire.com. 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2020-12-07 .
2. ^ "Casetext". casetext.com . Retrieved October eleven, 2016.
3. ^ White, Peter (October 27, 2009). "SpongeBob SquarePants' creator Steve Hillenburg". TBI Vision. Informa Telecoms & Media. Retrieved Oct 31, 2013.
4. ^ Wilson, Thomas F. (Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) (May 29, 2012). "Big Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Artist and Animator–Interview (clip)" (mp3). Nerdist Industries (Podcast).
5. ^ ^{a b} "Welcome to the Bounding main Constitute". bounding main-institute.org . Retrieved December 24, 2013.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f thou h i j k l m} Wilson, Thomas F.(Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) (May 29, 2012). "Large Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Creative person and Animator–Interview". Nerdist Industries (Podcast). Archived from the original (mp3) on Dec 21, 2013.
7. ^ ^{a b} Banks 2004, p. 9. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanks2004 (help)
8. ^ "Did You Know: Ween's 'The Mollusk' Helped Inspire The Creation Of SpongeBob Squarepants". March 7, 2019. Retrieved December four, 2019.
9. ^ "Ween – Tribute to Stephen Hillenburg". YouTube . Retrieved Dec 4, 2019.
10. ^ "A Deep Dive Into Ween, the Band that Birthed Bikini Lesser". Retrieved Dec four, 2019.
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j m} Hillenburg, Stephen; Murray, Joe; Drymon, Derek; Coleman, Eric; Hecht, Albie (2003). The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season (DVD). Paramount Abode Entertainment.
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} (Neuwirth 2003, p. 50–51) harv error: no target: CITEREFNeuwirth2003 (assistance)
13. ^ Joe Murray. "Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life". The Rocko'due south Modernistic Life FAQ (Interview). Interviewed by Lisa Kiczuk Trainor.
14. ^ Banks 2004, p. 10. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanks2004 (assist)
15. ^ ^{a b c} Banks 2004, p. 31. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFBanks2004 (help)
16. ^ ^{a b c} Banks 2004, p. xxx. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanks2004 (assistance)
17. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Drymon, Derek (2010). "The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants". Hogan's Alley #17. Bull Moose Publishing Corporation. Archived from the original on Baronial 31, 2015.
18. ^ ^{a b c d e} Kenny, Tom (2010). "The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants". Hogan'due south Alley #17. Bull Moose Publishing Corporation. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015.
19. ^ "From Male child to Bob". Nick Mag Presents: SpongeBob SquarePants. Viacom International. June 2003.
20. ^ ^{a b c} Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) (December 5, 2006). Tom Kenny: Vocalisation of SpongeBob SquarePants – Interview (Radio production). The People Speak Radio. Archived from the original (mp3) on July 24, 2011.
21. ^ Heintjes, Tom (September 21, 2012). "The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants". Hogan'southward Alley. Archived from the original on Baronial 31, 2015.
22. ^ Neuwirth 2003, p. 51. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFNeuwirth2003 (assist)
23. ^ O'Hare, Marking (2010). "The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants". Hogan's Alley #17. Bull Moose Publishing Corporation. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015.
24. ^ Coleman, Eric (2010). "The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants". Hogan's Alley #17. Bull Moose Publishing Corporation. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015.
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